Joseph h



l, H, CLAUS.

AND TLEPHONIC COMMUNICATIONS.

f HLa Aus.29.i9zs

SYSTEM FOR TELEGK# APMM Mened Aug. 8, limi "O OMT ATTORNEYS JOSEPH H. CLAUS, F WEST lI-IILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

, SYSTEM FOR TELEGRAPHC .AN-D TELEPHONC COMMUNICATIONS.

ideama.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1.916.

Application -led August 29, 1913. Serial 11o. 782.290.

To all 'whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, JOSEPH H. CLAUS, a citizen of.' the United States, and a resident of Test Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved System for Telegraphic and Telephonie Communications, of which the following is a. full, clear, and exact description. a

My invention relates to systems of communication that employ a cable lorfland wire as part of the electric circuit for the transmission of messages, and the objects of the invention are, first, to provide means by which it is possible to carry on the coinmunication at a considerably higher speed than heretofore with high capacity cables, this being through the use of high frequency alternating electric currents; second, to provide means for holding telephonie communication by speech over a cable or land wire by varying the volume.l of such high frequency alternating electric currents with a telephone transmitter in accordance with vthe pitch variation and amplitude of the sound waves, and third, to provide means 'whereby telegraphic signal communication and spoken telephoniel communication can be carried on -by several operators in both directions at one and the same time Vand all independently of each other Without any communication' interfering with the other or others, as high frequency oscillatingvelectric waves of several distinct Wave lengths are intended to be employed.

For a more detailed understanding of the invention, reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing and the following description and appended claims.

In the accompanying drawing which illustrates two embodiments of the invention, and wherein similar reference characters indicate correspondingparts throughout the several views, Figure 1 isa diagrammatic.-

f pitch, duration and amplitude of sound w'aves, and so recognized in the telephone view showing the` disposition. and connections of the various instrumentalities for telegraphing and telephoning with a--cable and land wire through the agency lof high.

frequency alternating electric currents; and Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic 'view of the system for telegraphing and telephoning withhigh frequency oscillating eleotricwaves. t

Referring to Fig. -1, 1 designatesthe'cable or land wire forming one side-of the circuit, and by having itsterminals grounded at .2 and 2f*v the earth forms the other side the earth or another wire is used. A cliarg- A ing source of current 4 is connected with the conductor 1 for creating an electro-static tension between-it and the earth, and connected in parallelv relation with the sai"d charging source is a small alternating current generator 5 of any desired voltage and of suitable frequency, as, for instance, 1,000 or upward. A coil 8 of excessively high inductance is arranged in series with the line l and source 4 to prevent short circuiting of the high frequency electric currents from the generator 5 through the charging source 4. At the receiving end of the circuit is a double head gear telephone receiver 6 or equivalent means which is used to detect telegraphic signals and telephonie speech, such receiver being connected in series between the conductor 1 and ground 2a. Condensers 18, 18a are arranged in the alternator containing shunt connection around the charging source 4l and coil 3, and at the opposite sides of the receiver 6 are condensers 18b and 18, such condensers serving to prevent short-circuiting of the charging source through the generator' and receiver. F or sending messages both telegraphically yand telephonically a two-point switch 21 or equivalent device is used for cutting a telephone transmitter into or out of the circuit ofthe alternator 5, and in such alternator circuit is a Vkey 17.

While talking the key 17 is held closed and switch 21 is thrown to transmitter 20 with generator 5 constantly subjecting the eloctro-static tension existing between 1 and 2 to alternating variations of electric potential through the condensers 1S, which variation would be recognized as a humming sound in the telephone receiver 6. If the transmitter is then spoken into, the current flowing into the lineA from the generator would be subjected to an 12R loss in accordance with the the cyclage of the generator 5 would have to be very high, but this invention has to do Withthe combination, not with any single instrument used. For transmitting sig- .1151.15 by means 0f the key 17, the switch 21 is duced, and from which my invention arises.,

IME

'of radio' telegraphy.

l conduction,

' conduction alone.

out the resistthrown upward so as to cut Messages may ance of the transmitter 20.

then be sent by the usual code signals, which will -he recognized as intelligent signals in the telephone receiver (i. i

Duplicate transmitters and receivers maybe placed at'each end of the conductor l, and

lat intermcnfliate points using necessary stoplon the several transmitters is possible but does not give entirely satisfactory results; se recourse .is had to the high frequency oscillating electric waves of radio telegraphy.

My invention consists of the further combination wire telegraphic methods with those This is done for the reason that the high frequency oscillating electric waves .of radio telcgraphy are adapted to sharp timing.

lt is my deduction, in radio telegraphy, that during the day period the electric waves leaving a sending aerial are transmitted almost all by conduction alone, a'. c., the wave generated at the sending station travels from the sending aerial to the distant receiving aerial, over the earths surface, arriving in the same electrical form in which it left the sending aerial. This is pure and is subject to the law `of inverse squares as to loss of volume. For night transmission a different effect was de- On the night side of the earth is a condition of charged atmosphere and clouds and the sending aerial modifies the electro-static tension of the clouds. and atmosphere by electro-static induction due to well-known lavvs. ln a chain of clouds highly charged, the sending waves would not only reach the distant stations of night communication by A Wave generated in these clouds by electro-static induction would affect their electro-static tension throughout. New in this case ive have tivo paths of action-the conducted Wave which is understood to be the weaker and the induced 'ave which is understood to be the stronger. lf it were possible to have a continuous chain of charged clouds between stations the transmission would not be suhject to a loss proportionate to the inverse square of the distance traveled; hence, greater distance would be accomplished with less power. It is my invention to produce this condition in a smaller way by charging a conductor connecting points of communication, then modifying the electro-static charge throughout the length of the conduct-or by means of impressing upon said conductor, high frequency oscillating electric several may listen but only one may nie-inert.

waves of various predetermined and distinct wave lengths, thereby allowing a nurnber of operators to telegraph by telegraphic signals and spoken telephonie speech, in both directions, back and forth, at one and the same time. all independent of each other, without interference. Fig. 2 shows the disposition and connections of the means for telegraphing and telephoning hy impressing, high frequency oscillating electric Waves, upon a charged conductor. The desired number of transmitting and receiving sets may be used,at any desired point on the line, by tuning each pair of transmitters and receivers to separate and distinct Wave lengths. Additional branch conductors may be connected on at any desired point of the main line or conductor. The frequencies of. the different alternating current generators used may also he varied to assist -in preventing interference where the wave lengths used do not differ widely. Obviouslyithe power used in this arrangement is notas great as that required for the same distance in radio telegraphy without wires. For the sake of brevity only one pair of transmitters and receivers is shown in the diagrams;

each additional pair would be but a duplication.

' Referring to Fig. Q, the alternating current generator 5 furnishes current to the primary 7 of a suitable transformer, 'the secondary S charging the sending condenser 9, which discharges acrossthe spark gap 10 generating high frequency electric oscillations in the primary of the tuning transformer 11 causing corresponding electric waves to be induced in the elevated capacity l2, which capacity being connected to the conductor 1a impresses upon the said conductor, high frequency oscillating electric waves, which Waves further are impressed upon the electro-static tension, around the conductor, and between the conductor 1a and the earth or wire 2b. It is immaterial whether an earth connection or a wire is used as 2b. The 'electric waves can be. transmitted over the conductor la by conduction alone, but forlong distances the combination of both conduction and electro-static induction methods will give the best results. The two methods of communication shown in Figs. l and 2 can be used in combination. ln Fig. 2 a` coil 3u of excessively high wave length is connected in series With the charging source da to prevent a short circuit ofthe sending waves to ground, thus confining them to the conductor la and to the electro-static charge thereon. Some leakage would take place to the earth by electrostatic induction, hut the main effect of the sending Wave would cause a variation of potential throughout the entire charge of the conductor la corresponding to the high frequency oscillating electric Waves of the sof tuning transformers Aupon the conductor, amplitude of the oscillating electric waves transmitter, which would be detected by the surgingsup and down in the receiving capacity 13 which transfers these oscillations to.the detector 1G by means of receiving 14. The condenser 15 is inserted in the closed receiving circuit to sustain the oscillations received and stop lthe detector current as in radio telegraphy.

The telephone receivert is used to denote the passage of oscillations through the detector 16.

To communicate by telephone the key 17n is closedand switch 21a thrown to the telephone transmitter 203, with generator 5a running, resulting in a continuous series of.

frequency oscillating .electric waves being impressed upon the electro-static tenv high sion of the conductor la which will be received as a continuous humming sound in the telephone receiver 6a. lordsl spoken into the telephone transmitter 20a will be recognized as such in the telephone receiver 6a in the well-known manner of radio telephones.

For transmitting-telegraphic signals, the

telephone transmitter is cut outand the 1 telegraph key used. For telephone work the undamped waves of the oscillating arc should be used, butano claim is made for any of the instruments singly mentioned herein. I am aware that lthe instruments mentioned herein singlyvhave been used heretofore, but not in the combinations I claim as my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The combination of two conductors extending from a -sending to a receiving station and one at least being ametallic conductor, means for creating an electro-static tension between the two conductors, said means comprising a `source of continuous current and an inductance in series and pery manently connected with the conductors, an

and permanently connected respectively with the conductors, a sending capacity, a high requency alternating current generator inductively related thereto, means energized by the generator for continuously impressing high frequency oscillating electric waves means for varying the in accordance with lvariations in sound waves, and means for detecting such variations in the oscillating electric waves.

3. The combination of a metallic conductor, a charging means .grounded on one side and on the other connected with the conductor for subjecting the same to an electrostatic tension, said means comprising a sourceof continuous current and an inductance in series with each other and connected respectively with the conductor and ground, means for impressing continuously high frequency oscillating electric waves on the conductor, means for preventing said waves from passing through the said charging means, a sending capacity connected with the means for creating the oscillating electric' waves, a telephone transmitter between the said conductor and the means for producing the oscillating electric waves, a

receiving capacity connected with the con ductor and tuned to the means for sending the oscillating electric waves, and means inductively related to the receiving capacity for detecting Athe oscillating electric waves.

4. The combination of a conductor with a continuous current means permanently connected with and continuously electrically charging said conductor, a coil of eXcessively high inductance in series with said charging means, means for generating continuously alternating electric currents in said conductor, means for interrupting said 'continuously alternating electric currents to form signals, means for detecting said interruptions as signals, means for varying the amplitude of said continuously alternating electric currents in accordance with the pitch, duration and amplitude of sound waves, and' means for detecting said variations, all for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of a conductor with a continuous current means permanently connected with and continuously electrically charging said conductor, a coil of excessively high wave length in series with said charging means, means for generating high frequency oscillating electric waves of various distinct wave lengths, means for impressing said high frequency oscillating electric waves upon said conductor, means for interrupting said' high frequency oscillating electric waves to form signals, means for detecting said interrupted waves of various distinct wave lengths,

ing electric waves in accordance with the pitch, duration and amplltude of sound 4waves, and means for detecting said variation, a source'of continuous current having one side grounded, an inductance device connectlng the other side of said source with means for vary Aing the amplitude of continuously oscillatthc sending end of the conductor, the receiving end oi the conductor being ungronndcd, :i sending nntenna connctd with the conductor, moans for energizing thu nntnnn to transmit messages, :1nd n receiving a1 ppniutus including n receiving antenna c011- nuctcd with the conductor.

n testimony whereof I have signed my' nnlnu tu this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. JOSEPH H. CLAUS. TWitnesses A. L. KrrCmN, PHILIP D. ROLLHAUS. 

